Hardware

The body of a humanoid robot is a balance of weight, torque, and responsiveness. Hardware shapes everything a robot can do, from whole-body control to safe human interaction.

Modern systems use lightweight frames, high-torque actuators, and modular joints with embedded force sensors. Advances in motor control now allow millisecond-level torque adjustments, enabling smoother, more adaptive movement.

Every hardware decision carries a tradeoff: speed versus force, compliance versus rigidity, battery life versus performance. No matter how advanced the software, every action still depends on physical systems delivering the right force at the right time.