Runtime

Battery runtime refers to how long a humanoid robot can operate on a single charge in real-world conditions. It is shaped by the power demands of actuators, compute hardware, sensors, and the frequency of control and perception loops. Energy use increases sharply during active tasks like locomotion or object manipulation, especially when high-rate inference or whole-body control is involved.

Improving battery runtime requires coordinated hardware and software strategies — from motor efficiency and hardware acceleration to dynamic power scaling and optimized scheduling. Some systems modulate compute load based on task demands, switching between high-performance and low-power modes to conserve energy.

Battery runtime concerns the duration of operation before recharge, not the timing precision of control processes. It complements broader power management efforts that balance energy availability with task complexity and responsiveness.