X-Axis Rotation

X-axis rotation, also known as pitch, describes how a robot pivots around its left–right axis. It enables nodding, leaning, bowing, or squatting motions, and plays a key role in posture adjustment and balance.In humanoids, X-axis joints are typically found in the hips, knees, neck, and shoulders. At the system level, pitch control affects whole-body dynamics, fall recovery, and locomotion on uneven terrain.